Pharmacovigilance (PV) is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse events (AEs) or any drug-related problems. It's essentially ensuring the safety of medications once they are out on the market and in use by the general public.

Pharmacovigilance services in USA are offered by a number of companies, including contract research organizations (CROs), pharmaceutical companies, and independent providers. These services can help to ensure that medications are safe and effective for patients.

Here are some of the common pharmacovigilance services offered in the USA:

• Individual Case Safety Report (ICSR) processing: ICSRs are reports of any adverse event that is suspected to be caused by a medication. Pharmacovigilance service providers can help to collect, process, and submit ICSRs to the FDA.
• Literature monitoring: Pharmacovigilance service providers can help to monitor the medical literature for new information about the safety of medications.
• Aggregate reporting: Pharmacovigilance service providers can help to prepare periodic safety update reports (PSURs) and other reports that summarize the safety data for a medication.
• Signal detection and management: Pharmacovigilance service providers can help to identify and manage new safety signals, which are pieces of information that suggest that a medication may be causing an adverse event.
• PV Risk management plan (RMP) development and maintenance: Pharmacovigilance service providers can help to develop and maintain RMPs, which are documents that describe the known and potential risks of a medication and how those risks will be managed.
• Pharmacovigilance audits and training: Pharmacovigilance service providers can help to conduct audits of a company's pharmacovigilance systems and to train staff on pharmacovigilance requirements.